5.1. Task Automation

What is task automation?

Task automation refers to the process of automating repetitive and manual command-line tasks using software tools. This enables tasks to be performed with minimal human intervention, increasing efficiency and accuracy. A common example of task automation in software development is the use of make, a utility that automates the execution of predefined tasks like configure, build, and install within a project repository. By executing a simple command:

make configure build install

developers can streamline the compilation and installation process of software projects, saving time and reducing the likelihood of errors.

Why do you need task automation?

Task automation is essential for several reasons:

Don't repeat yourself: Automating tasks helps in avoiding the repetition of similar tasks, ensuring that you spend your time on tasks that require your unique skills and insights.
Share common actions: It enables teams to share a common set of tasks, ensuring consistency and reliability across different environments and among different team members.
Avoid typing mistakes: Automation reduces the chances of errors that can occur when manually typing commands or performing repetitive tasks, leading to more reliable outcomes.

Embracing task automation is a step towards improving efficiency for programmers. The initial effort in setting up automation pays off by saving time and reducing errors, making it a valuable practice in software development.

Which tools should you use to automate your tasks?

While Make is a ubiquitous and powerful tool for task automation, its syntax can be challenging due to its use of unique symbols (e.g., $*, $%, :=, ...) and strict formatting rules, such as the requirement for tabs instead of spaces. This complexity can make Make intimidating for newcomers.

For those seeking a more approachable alternative, PyInvoke offers a simpler, Python-based syntax for defining and running tasks. Here is an example showcasing how to build a Python package (wheel file) using PyInvoke:

"""Package tasks of the project."""

from invoke.context import Context
from invoke.tasks import task

from . import cleans

@task(pre=[cleans.dist])
def build(ctx: Context) -> None:
    """Build the python package."""
    ctx.run("uv build --wheel")


@task(pre=[build], default=True)
def all(_: Context) -> None:
    """Run all package tasks."""

This example illustrates how tasks can be easily defined and automated using Python, making it accessible for those already familiar with the language. Developers can then execute the task from their terminal:

# execute the build task
inv build

How can you configure your task automation system?

Configuring your task automation system with PyInvoke is straightforward. It can be installed as a Python dependency through:

uv add --group dev invoke

Then, to configure PyInvoke for your project, create an invoke.yaml file in your repository:

# https://docs.pyinvoke.org/en/latest/index.html

run:
  echo: true
project:
  name: bikes
  package: bikes
  repository: bikes

This configuration file allows you to define general settings under run and project-specific variables under project. Detailed documentation and more configuration options can be found on PyInvoke's website.

How should you organize your tasks in your project folder?

For an MLOps project, it's advisable to organize tasks into categories and place them within a tasks/ directory at the root of your repository. This directory can include files for different task categories such as cleaning, commits, container management, and more. Here's an example structure:

In the tasks/__init__.py file, you should import and add all task modules to a collection:

"""Task collections for the project."""
from invoke import Collection
from . import checks, cleans, commits, containers, docs, formats, installs, mlflow, packages, projects

ns = Collection()

ns.add_collection(checks)
ns.add_collection(cleans)
ns.add_collection(commits)
ns.add_collection(containers)
ns.add_collection(docs)
ns.add_collection(formats)
ns.add_collection(installs)
ns.add_collection(mlflow)
ns.add_collection(packages)
ns.add_collection(projects, default=True)

Each module, like checks, can define multiple tasks. For example:

 """Check tasks of the project."""

# %% IMPORTS

from invoke.context import Context
from invoke.tasks import task

# %% TASKS


@task
def format(ctx: Context) -> None:
    """Check the formats with ruff."""
    ctx.run("uv run ruff format --check src/ tasks/ tests/")


@task
def type(ctx: Context) -> None:
    """Check the types with mypy."""
    ctx.run("uv run mypy src/ tasks/ tests/")


@task
def code(ctx: Context) -> None:
    """Check the codes with ruff."""
    ctx.run("uv run ruff check src/ tasks/ tests/")


@task
def test(ctx: Context) -> None:
    """Check the tests with pytest."""
    ctx.run("uv run pytest --numprocesses=auto tests/")


@task
def security(ctx: Context) -> None:
    """Check the security with bandit."""
    ctx.run("uv run bandit --recursive --configfile=pyproject.toml src/")


@task
def coverage(ctx: Context) -> None:
    """Check the coverage with coverage."""
    ctx.run("uv run pytest --numprocesses=auto --cov=src/ --cov-fail-under=80 tests/")


@task(pre=[format, type, code, security, coverage], default=True)
def all(_: Context) -> None:
    """Run all check tasks."""
   """Run all check tasks."""

These tasks can then be invoked from the command line as needed, providing a structured and efficient way to manage and execute project-related tasks.

# run the code checker
inv checks.code
# run the code and format checker
inv checks.code checks.format
# run all the check tasks in the module
inv checks